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Sas or Szász (origin: Slavic for "Saxon," Polish: ''Sas'', Hungarian: ''Szász'', Romanian: ''Saş'') is a Central European coat of arms. It was borne since the medieval period by several Transylvanian-Saxon Hungarian nobility, Ruthenian nobility and Polish-Lithuanian szlachta families.〔〔〔Kasper Niesiecki - HERBARZ POLSKI Kaspra Niesieckiego S.J. (English ''Polish Armorial - Kaspra Niesieckiego S.J.''), Author: Kasper Niesiecki, Publisher: Jan Nepomucen Bobrowicz, Breitkopf & Härtel, Lipsku (Leipzig), 1841, Vol. 8, p. 284-285, (in Polish). ()〕〔Herby rycerstwa polskiego (English ''Coat of Arms of Polish Nobility''), Author: Bartosz Paprocki, Publisher: Biblioteka Polska, 1584 Kraków, reprinted 1858 Kraków, reprinted 1982 Warsaw, p. 695-697 (in Polish). ()〕〔ORBIS POLONUS, Tom III, (Simple English ''Armorial of Polish nobility, Volume 3''), Author: Szymon Okolski, 1641-43, Kraków, p. 195-202 (in Latin), p. 207-214 digital. ()〕 The house was once a mighty princely and ducal house with origins in Saxony, Transylvania, Hungary and Ruthenia.〔〔〔〔〔〔 ==History== Ancient Polish-Lithuanian historians like Szymon Okolski say that the origin of these arms is derived from Saxony, where during the mid-12th century King Géza II of Hungary invited Germanic peoples of Saxony to settle in, establish trading centres and defend relatively sparsely populated Transylvania in the Kingdom of Hungary, upon which the Transylvanian Saxons were later given a privileged status in the "Diploma Andreanum" (Golden Charter of Transylvanian Saxons) issued by King Andrew II of Hungary〔〔〔(Transylvanian Saxons, Encyclopædia Britannica )〕 (see Transylvanian Saxons). The origins of the dynastic House of Sas or Szász vary depending on the source. According to the chronicles of Albertus Strepa;〔 the outstanding military leader ''Comes Huyd of Hungary'' (a Transylvanian-Saxon), entered Galicia in 1236 with his mighty army of allied mounted warrior knights to the service of Daniel of Galicia King of Ruthenia, and each was rewarded with lands in Red Ruthenia that Huyd and his allied noble knights settled, being referred to as the ''Sas/Szász'' (Saxon) due to their Transylvanian Saxon dialect and origin.〔〔〔〔 According to the chronicles of Wojciech Strepa;〔 ''Comes Huyd () of Hungary'', having come with his mighty army of allied mounted warrior knights to the service of Lev I of Galicia (1269–1301) the son of Daniel of Galicia King of Ruthenia, and having allied himself with Lithuania, drove the Eastern barbarians out of Mazovia. In reward for his knightly deeds, he was given, among other gifts, Lev's widowed sister-in-law N.N. of Galicia Princess of Kholm as a wife (the widow of Lev's brother Shvarn Daniilovich, sister of Vaišvilkas, daughter of King Mindaugas of Lithuania from the House of Mindaugas)〔Терлецький М. Контури роду Драго-Сасів / Вид.2-ге.– Львів:“Центр Європи”, 2005.– 172 c. (Виклад історії цих давних вихідців з Підкарпаття на Захід, у Саську землю (Лужицю – Саксонію ), їхні мандри та повернення через Волощину () на свою прабатьківщину – Галичину),〕 and along with his allied knights lands in the territory of Red Ruthenia that they settled.〔〔 Count Huyd, who bore on his coat of arms the blue (azure) escutcheon with the gold (or) crescent, gold stars and gold arrow, and the knights who allied under his battle banner, are said to have been the progenitors of the House of Sas (Szász).〔〔〔〔Терлецький М. (2005). Контури роду Драго-Сасів / Вид.2-ге.– Львів:“Центр Європи”, 2005.– 172 c.〕 Early origins also point to the Hungarian Transylvanian-Saxon ''Voivodes'' Dragoş I de Bedeu (Bedő) voivode of Máramaros Prince of Moldavia and his successor son Sas de Beltiug (Hungarian ''Szász de Béltek'') Prince of Moldavia,〔〔 who bore the blue (azure) escutcheon with the gold crescent, gold stars and gold arrow on their coat of arms.〔〔 Other notable scions of Dragoş I were Bartolomeu Drágfi of Beltiug (Béltek), ''Comes Perpetuus'' of Middle Szolnok (1479–1488), Voivode of Transylvania and ''Comes'' of the Székely people (1493–1499),〔 who had distinguished himself earlier as a royal knight of the Hungarian Royal Court defeating the Ottoman Turks at the Battle of Breadfield (1479) together with Pál Kinizsi, István Báthory, Vuk Branković and Basarab Laiotă cel Bătrân.〔Joan cavaler de Puscariu - Date istorice privitoare la familiile nobile române (English ''History of the Romanian Noble Families''). Editura societății culturale Pro Maramures "Dragoș Vodă", Cluj-Napoca, 2003 (in Romanian).〕〔Prof. Alexandru Filipascu de Dolha și Petrova - Istoria Maramureșului (English ''History of Maramureş''), Editura "Gutinul" Baia Mare, 1997 (in Romanian).〕〔Wyrostek, Ludwik - Rod Dragow-Sasow na Wegrzech i Rusi Halickiej (English ''Clan Dragow-Saxon in Hungary and neighbouring Galicia''). RTH t. XI/1931-1932 (in Polish).〕 At the time of King Matthias Corvinus' death, Bartholomew Drágfi of Beltiug (Béltek) was among the wealthiest landowners of the country, three castles, two manor houses, eight market towns and about 200 villages were in his property.〔 His estates in Middle Szolnok and Satu Mare included the castles of Chioar and Ardud together with the large lordships surrounding them, and further, the castles of Șoimi and the ''castellum'' of Ceheiu.〔 Another important family member, among others, was Ioan Drágfi of Beltiug (Béltek) ''Comes'' of Temes County in 1525, who died 1526 in the Battle of Mohács.〔〔〔 Written descriptions of the Sas/Szász coat of arms in classical heraldic references, such as in "Herby rycerstwa polskiego" (1584), "Korona Polska/Herbarz Polski" (1728–1846) and Siebmacher's armorial book on the Hungarian and Transylvanian nobility, describe the arms in blue (azure) tincture, as borne by the families Drágfi (Hungarian patronym for "son of Drag") of Beltiug (Béltek) scions of Dragoş I of Bedeu, Jan Daniłowicz herbu Sas, Dziedoszycki (Dzieduszycki) h. Sas and Berlicz-Strutynskių (Strutyński) h. Sas.〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔 Some families, however, bear this coat of arms on a red (gules) tincture field, in "Orbis Polonus" (1641–43) the Sas clan arms is described as being of "sanguineus" Latin for "blood red" tincture,〔 such as borne by the Counts Komarnicki herbu Sas family in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sas coat of arms」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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